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Temperance – moderation, self-restraint, esp in eating and drinking, moderate use of, or total abstinence from, alcoholic liquors as beverages; ~ society etc. for restriction or abolition of use of alcoholic drinks. L ''temperantia''.〔(The Oxford English Dictionary online )〕 The British Women's Temperance Association (BWTA) was founded in Newcastle in April 1876 following the National Convention of the International Order of Good Templars.〔M. Barrow, ‘Temperate feminists: the British Women's Temperance Association 1870-1914.’ (Manchester University Ph.D Thesis 1999).pp.68-90 and C. Eustance, J. Ryan & L. Ugolini (eds), A Suffrage Reader: Charting Directions in British Suffrage History (London: Leicester University Press 2000)., p.69〕 The Manchester Women’s Christian Temperance Association () was founded earlier in the same year but remained independent of the BWTA until in 1886 and even then retained its own name.〔Greater Manchester County Records Office with Manchester Archive, () Records of the Manchester Women’s Christian Temperance Association and Police Courts Mission, Executive minutes GB127,M286/1. Volume 1 1880. Barrow, ‘Temperate feminists’,p.78.〕 In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the philanthropic MWCTA worked for social improvement, particularly amongst the working classes. The Association was popular with middle-class ladies and they expanded their branches into Lancashire and Cheshire, with social gatherings entertained by music and recitations, ''where several girls expressed a desire to sign the pledge''.〔By 1894 Chorlton Cum Hardy Lancashire was a middle-class suburb of South Manchester not forming part of The City of Manchester until 1904. GMCRO&MA MWCTA&PCM Exec. minutes GB127,M286/1. ()〕 == The Temperance Pledge == :I hereby promise by grace divine, to take no spirits, beer or wine, :nor will I buy nor sell, nor give strong drink to others while I live, :and this my true resolve shall be, :no drink, no drink, no drink for me. The main concerns for the MWCTA during this period were:〔P. Bailey (ed) ''Music Hall, The business of pleasure'', (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1986)& GMCRO&MA MWCTA&PCM Exec. minutes GB127,M286/1 1880-1900. ()〕 * The work of the Police Courts Mission () and the establishment of a Reformatory for Inebriate Women. * An enabling change to the Inebriates Act 1879. * The appointment of police matrons at police stations for female prisoners. * Stricter enforcement of the licensing laws and the conditions within the ‘Palace of Varieties’ and similar music halls. * The selling of drink and the treating by sweets to children under 17 years at the back door of pubs and beer houses. * The provision of public drinking fountains. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manchester Women's Christian Temperance Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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